Risk, disaster and management in Central America, South America and Mexico: concepts, approaches, activities and institutional and organisational actors

The approach to the topic of risk and disaster in Latin America has changed significantly over the last twenty five years and particularly during the last ten years, as much in terms of the scientific-explanatory debate as in terms of the ways in which social intervention in these areas is considered and takes shape. At the same time, no agreement or common criteria exist amongst the stakeholders involved regarding the concept and practice, and these tend to increase over time in line with the increasing complexity and multi-disciplinary and institutional nature of the issue. Debates and discrepancies are based on varied or contrary arguments and views, some backed up by interpretations from scientific standpoints and experience of actions taken, and others as a result of different views, doctrines and institutional traditions.

The three objectives of this brief document referring to concept, practice and institutionalism are: firstly: to present an analysis of the approaches, concepts and debates which are current in Latin America relating to risk management, prevention and disaster response, indicating their origins and development, considering the stakeholders and processes which influence and are involved in these debates: secondly: based on the objectives or fundamental goals set out in the Framework for Disaster Reduction drawn up during the World Conference on Disasters held in Kyoto, Hyogo, Japan in January 2005, to present an indicative analysis of the programmes, projects and actions promoted by different actors, agencies or international, regional, sub regional and national institutions which work towards reaching the objectives and goals set out; thirdly: to provide specific analysis of the role played by and the potential of the Red Cross in the management of risk reduction and response to disasters, proposing several actions in the interest of defining and improving its performance, bearing in mind the mandate, specific capacities and experience gained over time.

As a recognition of the limitations of time and space available for our analysis and the secondary nature of the investigation (essentially a desk study), the statements and conclusions of the document are of a generic and indicative nature, set out from a regional, or on occasion, sub regional perspective, without further options to go into detail or analysis at national level. The dangers of generalization are obvious, as are the advantages of summaries. We will try to identify trends and typical contexts, illustrated with information and details about institutions or organizations and significant and representative actions.