International Legal Frameworks for Humanitarian Action - Topic Guide

GSDRC Topic Guides are flexible thematic knowledge and evidence resources with a modular structure. They are designed to support decision-makers working in international development and humanitarian assistance. This guide has been written such that it can be read conventionally – from start to finish; however, users of the guide can also simply consult the specific sections in which they are particularly interested.

The provision of humanitarian assistance takes place in a variety of settings – under occupation, in international and internal armed conflicts, and in the event of natural or man-made disasters. Humanitarian needs are often extensive – as are challenges in delivering assistance. During the conflict in Darfur, for example, humanitarian personnel and vehicles were subject to military attacks. After the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, regulatory barriers to disaster relief hindered the effectiveness and efficiency of assistance.

International legal frameworks for humanitarian action not only provide guidance on how to address such situations, but can also serve as powerful tools in advocating for, and achieving, the protection of affected civilian populations. For instance, negotiations and arguments for access can be strengthened by reference to specific legal obligations of the parties to the armed conflict to permit access.