Disability and health-related rehabilitation in international disaster relief

Background: Natural disasters result in significant numbers of disabling impairments. Paradoxically,
however, the traditional health system response to natural disasters largely neglects health-related
rehabilitation as a strategic intervention.
Objectives: To examine the role of health-related rehabilitation in natural disaster relief along three lines of
inquiry: (1) epidemiology of injury and disability, (2) impact on health and rehabilitation systems, and (3) the
assessment and measurement of disability.
Design: Qualitative literature review and secondary data analysis.
Results: Absolute numbers of injuries as well as injury to death ratios in natural disasters have increased
significantly over the last 40 years. Major impairments requiring health-related rehabilitation include
amputations, traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries (SCI), and long bone fractures. Studies show that
persons with pre-existing disabilities are more likely to die in a natural disaster. Lack of health-related
rehabilitation in natural disaster relief may result in additional burdening of the health system capacity,
exacerbating baseline weak rehabilitation and health system infrastructure. Little scientific evidence on the
effectiveness of health-related rehabilitation interventions following natural disaster exists, however. Although
systematic assessment and measurement of disability after a natural disaster is currently lacking, new
approaches have been suggested.
Conclusion: Health-related rehabilitation potentially results in decreased morbidity due to disabling injuries
sustained during a natural disaster and is, therefore, an essential component of the medical response by the
host and international communities. Significant systematic challenges to effective delivery of rehabilitation
interventions during disaster include a lack of trained responders as well as a lack of medical recordkeeping,
data collection, and established outcome measures. Additional development of health-related rehabilitation
following natural disaster is urgently required.