Country-level financing solutions for local actors: Case studies: Colombia, Ethiopia and Ukraine

Some 77% of the Colombian population (48,258,494 people) is concentrated in urban areas.1 Colombia is classified as an upper middle-income economy2 and is in the process of joining the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The Colombian Constitution (1991) and the institutional framework is highly complex and decentralized (32 departments, 1,122 municipalities). Gross national income per capita is US$6,190; at least 27% of Colombians are living in poverty. Colombia has a land mass of 1,142,748 square km and shares extensive borders with Venezuela (2,219 km), Ecuador (586 km), Peru (1,626 km), Brazil and Panama.